Table 2 Fixed-effect regression of the impact of supplementary funding on the demand side and the supply side on residents’ health and medical expenses

Supplementary demand/supply side

-1.302

-8.461*

0.28***

0.204***

-1.124***

-2.786

0.112***

0.136***

(0.836)

(4.762)

(0.043)

(0.039)

(0.229)

(2.630)

(0.019)

(0.017)

Number of beds per 1,000 people

-0.181

0.061

-0.001

0.009

-0.573***

-6.388***

0.071***

0.048***

(0.3)

(1.709)

(0.015)

(0.014)

(0.143)

(1.646)

(0.012)

(0.011)

Number of health technicians per 1,000 population

-0.391

-3.792*

0.041**

-0.036**

-0.351

2.098

-0.003

-0.032

(0.367)

(2.088)

(0.019)

(0.017)

(0.283)

(3.250)

(0.023)

(0.021)

Number of doctors per 1,000 population

-101.662

4407.783*

-16.793

41.815**

306.791

-3300.19

-1.43

36.038

(420.53)

(2395.981)

(21.649)

(19.38)

(376.168)

(4318.478)

(30.918)

(28.514)

Illiteracy ratio

-8.678

-8.3

-0.031

-0.134

15.552***

39.444

-0.161

-0.081

(9.293)

(52.946)

(0.478)

(0.428)

(4.644)

(53.319)

(0.382)

(0.352)

Old age dependency ratio

1.392

26.916

-0.514**

0.405*

1.261

203.725***

0.089

0.094

(4.641)

(26.441)

(0.239)

(0.214)

(4.389)

(50.386)

(0.361)

(0.333)

Sex ratio

-0.022

-0.009

0.001

0.002**

-0.046**

-0.35

0.005***

0.005***

(0.018)

(0.103)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.021)

(0.243)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Permanent residents

0.066

0.53

0.008

0.004

0.095***

0.531

-0.003

-0.005*

(0.052)

(0.297)

(0.003)

(0.002)

(0.034)

(0.395)

(0.003)

(0.003)

Proportion of tertiary hospitals

2.227*

7.135

0.059

-0.077

-2.138

-18.041

0.492***

0.211*

(1.309)

(7.458)

(0.067)

(0.06)

(1.68)

(19.283)

(0.138)

(0.127)

Intercept

27.591***

111.579*

0.675

5.593***

25.364***

76.235**

3.029***

6.577***

(10.345)

(58.942)

(0.533)

(0.477)

(3.163)

(36.307)

(0.26)

(0.24)

Observations

117

117

117

117

372

372

372

372

R²

0.5656

0.2609

0.911

0.836

0.709

0.2918

0.776

0.714

F

12.29

3.33

97.146

48.178

89.794

15.2

128.027

92.134