Fig. 1

Model structure. a Short-term decision tree model; b Long-term Markov model. Patients aged 60 with acute ischemic stroke within 48h after stroke onset entered the model and received either edaravone dexborneol or human urinary kallidinogenase. In the decision tree model, patients would distribute among different health states at 90 days and transit to Markov model. Patients may either remain in their current state, experience a recurrent ischemic stroke and transition to a state of equal or greater disability, or die from age-specific mortality or excess mortality