Table 1 Demographics of the sample

Age, mean (sd)

60.35 (17.42)

58.24 (18.91)

62.21 (18.92)

63.01 (13.73)

Gender, % male

63.90

55.52

65.32

76.42

Elixhauser comorbidity score, mean (sd)

1.91 (1.87)

1.00 (1.21)

2.40 (1.89)

3.17 (1.91)

Obese (body mass index > 30, %)

^b

 ≤ 1.67^a

8.87

11.66

Hypertension (%)

34.57

21.24

49.19

50.52

Diabetic (%)

23.83

16.05

24.19

35.75

Chronic pulmonary disease (%)

7.49

4.52

12.90

10.36

Congestive heart failure (%)

6.32

2.17

10.48

11.40

Cardiac arrhythmias (%)

13.09

7.53

16.94

20.47

Valvular disease (%)

2.26

 ≤ 1.67^a

 ≤ 8.06^a

2.85

Peripheral vascular disorder (%)

3.43

 ≤ 1.67^a

 ≤ 8.06^a

6.48

Liver disease (%)

^b

2.84

 ≤ 8.06^a

10.88

Aids/HIV (%)

1.71

2.34

 ≤ 8.06^a

 ≤ 2.59^a

Cancers and lymphoma (%)

^b

7.86

 ≤ 8.06^a

3.63

Coagulopathy (%)

^b

2.68

 ≤ 8.06^a

32.64

Renal failure (%)

8.39

7.19

12.10

9.07