Table 2 Comparisons among Insured and Uninsured Populations

N (% /Mean)

N (% /Mean)

Mortality

(84) 2.14

(789) 4.19

-2.05***

Illness experience

(962) 24.55

(4,281) 24.01

0.54

Chronic illness experience

(185) 04.72

(679) 3.81

0.91***

Out of pocket expenditures in KES

(984) 29,119.95

(3,963) 12,270.02

16,849.93***

Household incurred OOP

(984) 25.01

(3,962) 22.22

2.87***

Proportion with health insurance per cluster

(1,215) 31.00

(1,248) 7.00

24.00***

Age in years

(3,920) 29.22

(17,818) 26.75

2.47***

Age of household head in years

(1,858) 41.5

(6,355) 44.75

-3.24***

 Early childhood

(445) 11.35

(2,523) 14.16

-2.81***

 Late childhood

(508) 12.95

(3,004) 16.86

-3.90***

 Adolescence & youth

(698) 17.81

(4,321) 24.25

-6.44***

 Adults

(1,999) 50.99

(6,156) 34.55

16.44***

 Elderly

(270) 6.89

(1,812) 10.17

-3.29***

 Male gender

(2,163) 55.18

(8,977) 50.34

4.84***

 Male gender of household head

(1,342) 72.23

(3,935) 61.84

10.38***

 Married

(1,879) 58.79

(5,573) 41.15

17.64***

 Special single

(248) 7.75

(2,198) 16.23

-8.47***

 Single

(1,069) 33.45

(5,772) 42.62

-9.17***

 Household size

(3,920) 3.64

(1,7833) 4.40

-0.76***

 None

(1,000) 28.57

(6,931) 52.26

-23.69***

 Primary

(789) 22.54

(3,871) 29.19

-6.65***

 Secondary and higher

(1,711) 48.88

(2,459) 18.54

30.34***

 Formal

(1,522) 38.82

(2,588) 14.51

24.31***

 Informal

(850) 21.68

(6,158) 34.53

-12.84***

 Not working

(1,548) 39.48

(9,086) 50.95

-11.46***

 Poorest

(193) 4.92

(4,159) 23.32

-18.39***

 Poor-middle

(375) 9.57

(3,979) 22.31

-12.74***

 Middle

(646) 16.47

(3,706) 20.78

-4.30***

 Middle-rich

(1,017) 25.94

(3,331) 18.68

7.26***

 Richest

(1,689) 43.09

(2,657) 14.90

28.18***

 Christian

(3,706) 94.54

(14,512) 81.38

13.15***

 Muslim

(156) 3.97

(2,718) 15.24

-11.27***

 Hindu and others

(58) 1.49

(603) 3.38

-1.89***

 Rural residence

(1,724) 43.98

(11,361) 63.71

-19.73***

 Media exposure

(2,174) 55.58

(3,190) 17.91

37.67***

 Wood-based e.g. firewood, charcoal

(2,906) 74.42

(16,874) 94.78

-20.36***

 Electricity

(46) 1.18

(84) 0.47

0.71***

 LPG gas

(953) 24.40

(846) 4.75

19.65***

 Flush or pour flush

(1,077) 27.55

(1,423) 7.99

19.56***

 Pit latrine

(2,788) 71.32

(13,247) 74.37

-3.05***

 No toilet facility

(37) 0.94

(2,959) 16.61

-15.66***

 Others

(7) 0.17

(182) 1.02

-0.84***

 Piped or bottled water

(2,503) 63.99

(7,282) 40.88

23.12***

 Dug well / spring water

(669) 17.11

(5,412) 30.38

-13.28***

 Rain and surface water

(548) 14.01

(4,234) 23.77

-9.76***

 Vendors water

(156) 3.99

(670) 3.76

0.23

 Others

(35) 00.89

(214) 1.20

-0.31*

 Natural walls e.g. mud, grass

(478) 12.22

(6,518) 36.59

-24.37***

 Rudimentary walls e.g. bamboo, cardboard

(459) 11.74

(3,757) 21.09

-9.36***

 Finished walls e.g. stone, cement

(2,931) 74.94

(7,273) 40.83

34.11***

 Others

(43) 1.09

(262) 1.47

-0.38*

 Distance to water source in Kilometers

(3,020) 0.53

(16,823) 0.83

-0.3**

 Distance to water source-time in Minutes

(3,026) 12.91

(16,850) 23.77

-10.86***

 Distance to nearest tar/asphalt road in Kilometers

(3,905) 6.9

(17,490) 25.07

-18.17***

 Distance to nearest bus/matatu stage in Kilometers

(3,912) 1.75

(17,781) 4.73

-2.98***

 Distance to nearest market in Kilometers

(3,920) 4.16

(17,764) 9.15

-4.99***

 Distance to nearest public primary school in Kilometers

(3,891) 0.96

(17,688) 1.33

-0.37***

 Distance to nearest public secondary school in Kilometers

(3,892) 2.01

(17,707) 5.12

-3.11***

 Distance to nearest health facility in Kilometers

(3,918) 1.05

(17,787) 2.24

-1.18***