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Table 2 Self-reported diagnosis groups, self-reported health complaints, ADL, risk of depression, cognitive impairment, and use of care and services at baseline

From: Cost-utility analysis of case management for frail older people: effects of a randomised controlled trial

Group

CM (n = 80)

Control (n = 73)

p-value

Self-reported diagnosis groups

   

Number of diagnosis groups, median (q1-q3)

3 (2–4)

4 (3–5)

0.163a

Range

1-8

1-7

 

Self-reported health complaints

   

Number of complaints, median (q1-q3)

11 (7–15)

11 (8–15)

0.655a

Range

2-22

2-23

 

Five most common complaints, n (%)

   

 Walking problems

55 (68.8)

55 (75.3)

0.365b

 Pain in the musculoskeletal system

55 (68.8)

52 (71.2)

0.738b

 Breathlessness

47 (58.8)

40 (54.8)

0.622b

 Fatigue

45 (56.3)

41 (56.2)

0.991b

 Memory impairment

41 (51.3)

42 (57.5)

0.436b

Activities of daily living

   

Dependency in no. of ADL activities, median (q1-q3)

 IADL

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.651a

 PADL

0 (0–0.8)

0 (0–0.5)

0.881a

 Total ADL

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.831a

Risk of depression

   

GDS-20, median (q1-q3)

6.0 (3.0-8.0)

6.0 (4.0-8.0)

0.824a

Cognitive impairment

   

MMSE, median (q1-q3)

28.0 (27.0-29.0)

28.0 (27.0-29.0)

0.571a

Use of care and services during the three months prior to baseline

Municipal care and services, mean (SD)

   

 Hours of help with IADL§

4.2 (10.8)

2.9 (6.3)

0.372c

 Hours of help with PADL§

3.5 (11.3)

5.9 (25.2)

0.483c

 Hours of help at night§

1.7 (8.9)

0.0

0.118c

 Number of deliveries of groceries§

1.5 (6.9)

4.0 (16.1)

0.235c

 Hours of accompanied travel services§

0.2 (1.6)

0.2 (1.6)

0.975c

 Days at short time stay§

0.2 (1.7)

0.0

0.321c

 Proportion with personal safety alarm, n (%)

44 (55.0)

36 (50.7)

0.598b

Home healthcare, mean (SD)

   

 Hours of municipal home care: daytime§

1.2 (4.9)

1.0 (4.1)

0.734c

 Hours of municipal home care: evening§

0.0

0.4 (2.2)

0.159c

 Hours of municipal home care: at night§

0.0

0.0

NA

Informal care, mean (SD)

   

 Hours of help with IADL

55.4 (76.1)

72.1 (103.1)

0.263c

 Hours of help with PADL

5.4 (31.6)

2.7 (12.5)

0.496c

  1. †)Missing = 2
  2. ‡)Missing = 1
  3. §)Missing: intervention group = 0-11, Control group = 2-7
  4. a)Mann–Whitney U-test
  5. b)Chi-squared test
  6. c)Student’s t-test
  7. CM Case management, NA Not applicable